If you install the MSP using the PATCH property, you simply call msiexec from within a batch file and use the %~dp0 batch file parameter to fully-qualify the msp path (assuming you've put the msp in the same location as the msi along with the batch file also).
For installing it after the fact and detection, you'll probably need to write a script and query the Windows Installer DB using the WindowsInstaller.Installer COM object: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/974653, http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa369432%28v=vs.85%29.aspx