Not sure what you are posting the question in the Outlook forum since the issue is related to what is getting exported by/from your phone so the people in the best position to answer that question are the ones supporting your phone
If the Samsung export process doesn't provide the option of what fields get exported, then it's pretty much a case of "what you see is what you get". You said the Excel file showed <Name> & <Phone Number> but didn't mention that it showed the <Notes>. If the field doesn't exist, you need to confirm whether or not it's possible (not an Outlook question).
As for what gets imported into Outlook depends on what fields you have mapped - sounds like you did not explicitly map the fields for the import (click on the <Map Custom Fields> button during the Outlook process when the option presents itself).