Hi,
What type of Account are you using in Outlook? Exchange, IMAP or POP3?
If you click Send/Receive All Folders button, can the emails be synced? Or is there any error message?
Basically this problem can be caused by many causes, like the proxy settings, anti-virus program and firewall settings, and a damaged data file.
Please disable the firewall and anti-virus program temporarily, check if then Outlook syncs correctly. Consult your administrator if there are any proxy settings in your environment, then run Scanpst.exe to scan and repair your Outlook data file(.pst or .ost) to check the result.
Regards,
Melon Chen
TechNet Community Su