GoDaddy should have a place where you can renew the certificate. Perhaps you need to pay first then you get the option or you can call them - their technical support is very good and generally they resolve things within a few minutes while you are on the
call.
When they renew it, you have a few days where the two certificates will continue to work (the old and new) unless the old on expired already (in your case). On your GoDaddy SSL portal, you can download the new certificate and you need to import into the
MMC certificate snapin on your CAS server. More info here: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754489.aspx. Once done, ensure that you have the private key
for the certificate (double click and you will see a key icon if you do and it'll say that you have the private key). If not, then you need to repair the certificate and you can do this by running: certutil -repairstore my "<Serial Number of certificate>".
Once done, use
Get-ExchangeCertificate | Fl
to find the thumbprint of the certificate you just imported then use
Enable-ExchangeCertificate -Thumbprint xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx -Services IIS,SMTP
to tell Exchange to use the new certificate for OWA, ActiveSync, SMTP/TLS etc. More info here: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa997231(v=exchg.150).aspx
Once done, you can confirm the new certificate is in use by opening OWA and checking that errors are gone and also click the padlock in IE and confirm that the end date is as you expect.
Let me know if this answers your question.
Thanks.